Free utility programs software for linux

Solving Constraint Integer Programs is a framework for constraint integer programming. For solving Integer Programs and Constraint Programs, a very similar technique is used: the problem is successively divided into smaller subproblems (branching) that are solved recursively.
On the other hand, Integer Programming and Constraint Programming have different strengths: Integer Programming uses LP relaxations and cutting planes to provide strong dual bounds, while Constraint Programming can handle arbitrary (non-linear) constraints and uses propagation to tighten the variables domains.
SCIP is a framework for Constraint Integer Programming oriented towards the needs of Mathematical Programming experts who want to have total control of the solution process and access detailed information down to the guts of the solver. SCIP can also be used as pure MIP solver or as framework for branch-cut-and-price.
Main features:
- It is a framework for branching, cutting, pricing, and propagation.
- It is highly flexible through many possible user plugins:
- constraint handlers to implement arbitrary constraints,
- variable pricers to dynamically create problem variables,
- domain propagators to apply constraint independent propagations on the variables domains,
- cut separators to apply cutting planes on the LP relaxation,
- relaxators to provide relaxations and dual bounds in addition to the LP relaxation,
- primal heuristics to search for feasible solutions with specific support for probing and diving,
- node selectors to guide the search,
- branching rules to split the problem into subproblems,
- presolvers to simplify the solved problem,
- file readers to parse different input file formats,
- event handlers to be informed on specific events, e.g., when a node was solved, a specific variable changed its bounds, or a new primal solution was found,
- display handlers to create additional columns in the solvers output.
- dialog handlers to extend the included command shell.
- Every existing unit is implemented as a plugin, leading to an interface flexible enough to meet the needs of most additional user extensions.
- A dynamic cut pool management is included.
- The user may mix preprocessed and active problem variables in expressions: they are automatically transformed to corresponding active problem variables.
- Arbitrarily many children per node can be created, and the different children can be arbitrarily defined.
- It has an open LP solver support (currently supporting ILOG CPLEX, Dash XPress-MP, SoPlex, and CLP.
- The LP relaxation need not to be solved at every single node (it can even be turned off completely, mimicing a pure constraint solver).
- Additional relaxations (e.g., semidefinite relaxations or Lagrangian relaxations) can be included, working in parallel or interleaved.
- Conflict analysis can be applied to learn from infeasible subproblems.
- Dynamic memory management reduces the number of operation system calls with automatic memory leakage detection in debug mode.
Enhancements:
- The new heuristics "RENS", "mutation", "veclendiving", and "intshifting", were included.
- The existing ones were improved.
- Presolving and c-MIR cut generation were improved.
- A few bugs were fixed.

WAVE Utilities package contains three programs for dealing with WAVE format audio files.
SimplifyWave
The standard permits WAVE format audio files to contain a variety of chunks, such as playlists, cue lists, and padding. A fair amount of software, however, is unable to parse such complex files. This program converts complex WAVE files into the simplest standard-conforming format by stripping out everything other than the obligatory format chunk and the first data chunk. Messages are printed indicating what chunks have been removed.
RepairWave
Some software generates non-conformant files that purport to be WAVE files. They contain a WAVE header but lack the obligatory data chunk id and size information. The audio data immediately follows the header. This program inserts the missing data chunk id and size information and updates the WAVE chunk size information in the header to reflect this.
InfoWave
Extracts information from a RIFF/WAV or RIFX/WAV file and reports on the contents of the file. It shows the size, type, and location of each chunk and gives the encoding of the audio data, its sampling rate, resolution, number of channels and other information. Typical output looks like this:
0: RIFF identifier.
4: chunk size = 38,642 bytes.
8: WAV identifier.
12: format chunk identifier
16: format chunk size = 18 bytes.
20: data format: PCM.
22: one channel (mono).
24: Sampling Rate = 11,025 samples per second.
28: Average Data Rate = 11,025 bytes per second.
32: Bytes_Per_Sample value of 1 indicates 8-bit mono
34: Bits_Per_Sample = 8.
36: chunk id
40: chunk length
44: chunk of type fact (standard) length 4 bytes
48: chunk id
52: chunk length
56: chunk of type data (standard) length 38,591 bytes
amounting to 0 minutes and 3.5 seconds
These programs were originally called SimplifyWav, wavrepair, and wavinfo.
Enhancements:
- The programs have been adapted to run correctly on 64-bit architectures as well as 32-bit architectures.
- They should now compile on systems whose printf does not support thousands separators.

makeutil is a set of portable public domain programs designed to support C/C++ projects. It provides tools for build operations outside of the normal compile/link pipeline.
It is designed to be unobtrusively included directly in your own software development project.
Here is a brief description of each tool:
- config: choose file based on platform
- ccinfo: name compiler used to compile program
- mksystype: determine operating system
- mkarray: convert input file to C array
- mkstring: convert input line to C string
- armor: convert binary file to ascii
- dearmor: convert encoded ascii file to binary
- textpack: compress files with precompiled frequency table
- textpand: uncompress files with precompiled frequency table
- ckey: create frequency table from input
- extract: extract files from an extract format text archive
- retract: create an extract format text archive
- addcr: add a t before every n
- delcr: delete the r from every rn
- unmake: process include directives in a Makefile

Unicode Utilities project are a set of programs for manipulating and analyzing Unicode text. uniname defaults to printing the character offset of each character, its byte offset, its hex code value, its encoding, the glyph itself, and its name. Command line options allow undesired information to be suppressed and the Unicode range to be added.
unidesc reports the character ranges to which different portions of the text belong. unihist generates a histogram of the characters in its input. ExplicateUTF8 is intended for debugging or for learning about Unicode. It determines and explains the validity of a sequence of bytes as a UTF-8 encoding. unirev reverses UTF-8 strings.
Enhancements:
- Adds to unidesc the option -r which causes it to list the ranges detected after reading all input rather than listing them as they are encountered, and adds to uniname the option -B which causes it to ignore characters within the Basic Multilingual Plane.

libbgrab is a framegrabber library for Linux using the v4l driver and bt/conexant analog SD video input cards.

To implement constant throughput and to avoid frame loss delays, triple buffering is used through local buffer copying in a separate grabbing thread.

The library consists of two parts that are usually used together:

1. framegrabber access (bgrab.c/bgrab.h)
2. xwindows output (xutils.c/xutils.h)

Additional routines allow for image processing:

3. Motion JPG compression (RTjpeg.c, RTjpeg.h, mmx.h)
4. MMX optimized image filters (asm/*)

Examples and Demo Programs:

Note: All demo programs are hardcoded for Tuner/NTSC input. You have to modify the code and recompile for other inputs!

+++ testgrab

See demo program "testgrab" for a quick intro on how to use libbgrab. See
source code comments for additional usage notes. The source code will
probably have to be edited to adapt for your video input - it is just a
demoprogram! Use Q to quit with the live-video window active. Use F and D
to change channels.

+++ glgrab (GLX only)

A very similar program uses OpenGL as output driver and maps the live
image as a texture on a polygon - try "glgrab" for nicely scaled,
full-screen output ... not always at full frame rates ;-). Works fine with
my Matrox G400 and Geforce2MX cards and the GLX drivers.

+++ asciigrab

Also included is a demo "asciigrab" that converts video in realtime into
ASCII CHARACTERS - just start it in a large enough terminal ... .
See source code for additional usage notes. This program has actually been
exhibited in the "net_condition" art exhibition at the ZKM, Karlsruhe,
Germany on a big projection screen http://www.zkm.de).

+++ delaygrab

A nice example of using MUCH memory, try "delaygrab" in which a few
seconds of video is beeing stored and shown according to a delay-map. If it
runs, try pressing the keys 1, 2 and 3 to switch effects. This effect will
be used in upcoming exhibitions at the ZKM, Karlsruhe, Germany with
temperature sensors. A similar program with a network interface was
developed for the world exhibition Expo2000, Hannover 2000 and can be found
in the "expograb" directory.

+++ zoomgrab (3Dfx Glide only)

Also included is a demo "zoomgrab" that shows a live video image at any
scale using a 3dfx graphics card (required). The numbers in "zoomdef.txt"
define zoom scales in ONE SECOND intervals (range: 0.01 to 200.0, first
number in line) and mixer volume settings (range: 0 to 100, second number
in line) that will be smoothly applied to the image and the volume. See
source code for additional usage notes. This program was also part of an art
exhibition at Weimar, Germany in 1999.

+++ artcam (3Dfx Glide only)

A similar demo called "artcam" also uses glide for display. This demo
changes the colors of an image in realtime using a precalculated
conversion table.

+++ webcam

And then there is the really complete and useful "webcam" application - see
the README in the /webcam directory for more explanation and usage
information of this nice little utility.

+++ greydetect

A utility program called "greydetect" makes measurements of the mean
greyscale values in rectangular areas. It can be used for scientific
measurements. See the README in the /greydetect subdirectory for more info
and usage information.

+++ difftrigger

The tool program "difftrigger" can be used as a security or interface
application to detect changes in images (i.e. from moving objects).
See the README in the /difftrigger subdirectory for more info and usage
information. Very similar is the application "tracker". Here the
difference images can be used to track the motion within a rectangular
area and send it to an external program via TCP/IP.

+++ rgbmix

Yet another art-program is the demo "rgbmix". It uses three framegrabber
inputs to get b/w images and mixes them together into a single RGB color
output image. This might make it into the lobby of a big company someday.
Any buyers ... :-)

+++ tracker

Yet another specialized tracking program is "tracker". Again this a program
that was developed for an installation and requires several other utilities
to be useful (asciireflector and reflector2midi). See the local README for
information on this tool. If you want to see it in action, check the passage
from the Frankfurt Airport Terminal to the Trainstation June-December 2000.
Diagrams of the installation and documentation are included in the /tracker
directory.

+++ rtjpegrecord
+++ rtjpegplay

A new addition to libbgrab for capturing live video is RTjpeg. This library
works only on MMX capable CPUs and provides fast motion Jpeg compression
routines. The resulting format is NOT compatible with standard MPEG or JPEG
files - i.e. one needs the RTjpeg library to decompress the generated stream.
The sample applications for recording and playback can be found in the /examples
directory. Since the input video format is YUV420 and a color conversion
would be required for standard RGB X-windows screens, no output will be shown
during the recording phase. To record use "rtjpegrecord" - experiment with the
quality settings for best results. The default setting achieves a 12:1 compression
ration at excellent image quality. To view use "rtjpegplay" on 16bit bpp screens.