Free scalar software for linux

Scalar is an addictive cross-platform puzzle game written in C++ using SDL library.

The goal of the game is to assemble the picture from pieces. Each picture is divided into pieces which are shuffled. You need to get each piece back to its original position. You accomplish that by swapping pieces (exchanging their positions).

You have a limited number of swappings for each picture. The game is over when you complete 3 images, and for each one you get the points. If you have a hard time playing this, you can look at the images directory and see what the final picture looks like.

Feel free to add more pictures to images directory and play with them (images can be in .jpg, .gif, .png, .bmp, any many other formats).

Scalar::Util is a selection of general-utility scalar subroutines.

SYNOPSIS

use Scalar::Util qw(blessed dualvar isweak readonly refaddr reftype tainted
weaken isvstring looks_like_number set_prototype);

Scalar::Util contains a selection of subroutines that people have expressed would be nice to have in the perl core, but the usage would not really be high enough to warrant the use of a keyword, and the size so small such that being individual extensions would be wasteful.

By default Scalar::Util does not export any subroutines. The subroutines defined are

blessed EXPR

If EXPR evaluates to a blessed reference the name of the package that it is blessed into is returned. Otherwise undef is returned.

$scalar = "foo";
$class = blessed $scalar; # undef

$ref = [];
$class = blessed $ref; # undef

$obj = bless [], "Foo";
$class = blessed $obj; # "Foo"

dualvar NUM, STRING

Returns a scalar that has the value NUM in a numeric context and the value STRING in a string context.

$foo = dualvar 10, "Hello";
$num = $foo + 2; # 12
$str = $foo . " world"; # Hello world

isvstring EXPR

If EXPR is a scalar which was coded as a vstring the result is true.

$vs = v49.46.48;
$fmt = isvstring($vs) ? "%vd" : "%s"; #true
printf($fmt,$vs);

isweak EXPR

If EXPR is a scalar which is a weak reference the result is true.

$ref = $foo;
$weak = isweak($ref); # false
weaken($ref);
$weak = isweak($ref); # true

NOTE: Copying a weak reference creates a normal, strong, reference.

$copy = $ref;
$weak = isweak($ref); # false

looks_like_number EXPR

Returns true if perl thinks EXPR is a number. See "looks_like_number" in perlapi.

openhandle FH

Returns FH if FH may be used as a filehandle and is open, or FH is a tied handle. Otherwise undef is returned.

$fh = openhandle(*STDIN); # *STDIN
$fh = openhandle(*STDIN); # *STDIN
$fh = openhandle(*NOTOPEN); # undef
$fh = openhandle("scalar"); # undef

readonly SCALAR

Returns true if SCALAR is readonly.

sub foo { readonly($_[0]) }

$readonly = foo($bar); # false
$readonly = foo(0); # true

refaddr EXPR

If EXPR evaluates to a reference the internal memory address of the referenced value is returned. Otherwise undef is returned.

$addr = refaddr "string"; # undef
$addr = refaddr $var; # eg 12345678
$addr = refaddr []; # eg 23456784

$obj = bless {}, "Foo";
$addr = refaddr $obj; # eg 88123488

reftype EXPR

If EXPR evaluates to a reference the type of the variable referenced is returned. Otherwise undef is returned.

$type = reftype "string"; # undef
$type = reftype $var; # SCALAR
$type = reftype []; # ARRAY

$obj = bless {}, "Foo";
$type = reftype $obj; # HASH

set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE

Sets the prototype of the given function, or deletes it if PROTOTYPE is undef. Returns the CODEREF.

set_prototype &foo, $$;

tainted EXPR

Return true if the result of EXPR is tainted

$taint = tainted("constant"); # false
$taint = tainted($ENV{PWD}); # true if running under -T

weaken REF

REF will be turned into a weak reference. This means that it will not hold a reference count on the object it references. Also when the reference count on that object reaches zero, REF will be set to undef.

This is useful for keeping copies of references , but you dont want to prevent the object being DESTROY-ed at its usual time.

{
my $var;
$ref = $var;
weaken($ref); # Make $ref a weak reference
}
# $ref is now undef

Note that if you take a copy of a scalar with a weakened reference, the copy will be a strong reference.

my $var;
my $foo = $var;
weaken($foo); # Make $foo a weak reference
my $bar = $foo; # $bar is now a strong reference

This may be less obvious in other situations, such as grep(), for instance when grepping through a list of weakened references to objects that may have been destroyed already:

@object = grep { defined } @object;

This will indeed remove all references to destroyed objects, but the remaining references to objects will be strong, causing the remaining objects to never be destroyed because there is now always a strong reference to them in the @object array.

Convert::Scalar is a Perl module that can convert between different representations of perl scalars.

SYNOPSIS

use Convert::Scalar;

This module exports various internal perl methods that change the internal representation or state of a perl scalar. All of these work in-place, that is, they modify their scalar argument. No functions are exported by default.

The following export tags exist:

:utf8 all functions with utf8 in their name
:taint all functions with taint in their name
:refcnt all functions with refcnt in their name
:ok all *ok-functions.
utf8 scalar[, mode]

Returns true when the given scalar is marked as utf8, false otherwise. If the optional mode argument is given, also forces the interpretation of the string to utf8 (mode true) or plain bytes (mode false). The actual (byte-) content is not changed. The return value always reflects the state before any modification is done.

This function is useful when you "import" utf8-data into perl, or when some external function (e.g. storing/retrieving from a database) removes the utf8-flag.

utf8_on scalar

Similar to utf8 scalar, 1, but additionally returns the scalar (the argument is still modified in-place).

utf8_off scalar

Similar to utf8 scalar, 0, but additionally returns the scalar (the argument is still modified in-place).

utf8_valid scalar [Perl 5.7]

Returns true if the bytes inside the scalar form a valid utf8 string, false otherwise (the check is independent of the actual encoding perl thinks the string is in).

utf8_upgrade scalar

Convert the string content of the scalar in-place to its UTF8-encoded form (and also returns it).

utf8_downgrade scalar[, fail_ok=0]

Attempt to convert the string content of the scalar from UTF8-encoded to ISO-8859-1. This may not be possible if the string contains characters that cannot be represented in a single byte; if this is the case, it leaves the scalar unchanged and either returns false or, if fail_ok is not true (the default), croaks.

utf8_encode scalar

Convert the string value of the scalar to UTF8-encoded, but then turn off the SvUTF8 flag so that it looks like bytes to perl again. (Might be removed in future versions).

utf8_length scalar

Returns the number of characters in the string, counting wide UTF8 characters as a single character, independent of wether the scalar is marked as containing bytes or mulitbyte characters.

unmagic scalar, type

Remove the specified magic from the scalar (DANGEROUS!).

weaken scalar

Weaken a reference. (See also WeakRef).

taint scalar

Taint the scalar.

tainted scalar

returns true when the scalar is tainted, false otherwise.

untaint scalar

Remove the tainted flag from the specified scalar.

grow scalar, newlen

Sets the memory area used for the scalar to the given length, if the current length is less than the new value. This does not affect the contents of the scalar, but is only useful to "pre-allocate" memory space if you know the scalar will grow. The return value is the modified scalar (the scalar is modified in-place).

refcnt scalar[, newrefcnt]

Returns the current reference count of the given scalar and optionally sets it to the given reference count.

refcnt_inc scalar

Increments the reference count of the given scalar inplace.

refcnt_dec scalar

Decrements the reference count of the given scalar inplace. Use weaken instead if you understand what this function is fore. Better yet: dont use this module in this case.

refcnt_rv scalar[, newrefcnt]

Works like refcnt, but dereferences the given reference first. This is useful to find the reference count of arrays or hashes, which cnanot be passed directly. Remember that taking a reference of some object increases its reference count, so the reference count used by the *_rv-functions tend to be one higher.

refcnt_inc_rv scalar

Works like refcnt_inc, but dereferences the given reference first.

refcnt_dec_rv scalar

Works like refcnt_dec, but dereferences the given reference first.

ok scalar

uok scalar

rok scalar

pok scalar

nok scalar

niok scalar

Calls SvOK, SvUOK, SvROK, SvPOK, SvNOK or SvNIOK on the given scalar, respectively.

Scalar::MultiValue is a Perl module to create a SCALAR with multiple values.

This module create a SCALAR with multiple values, where this values can be randomic or can change by a defined period.

USAGE:

With a period of 2:

my $s = new Scalar::MultiValue( [qw(a b c d)] , 2 ) ;

for(0..8) {
print "$sn" ;
}

Output:

a
a
b
b
c
c
d
d

With randomic values:

my $s = new Scalar::MultiValue( [qw(a b c d)] , * ) ;

for(0..8) {
print "$sn" ;
}

Output:

c
d
c
b
a
d
c
c

Scalar::Footnote is a Perl module that can attach hidden scalars to references.

SYNOPSIS

use Data::Dumper;
use Scalar::Footnote;

my $obj = Foo->new;

# attach invisible footnote to $obj:
$obj->Scalar::Footnote::set( my_key => my footnote );
print Dumper( $obj );

# get it back:
my $note = $obj->Scalar::Footnote::get( my_key );
print "footnote: $noten";

# remove it:
my $note = $obj->Scalar::Footnote::remove( my_key );

Scalar::Footnote lets you attach scalar footnotes to an object (or any kind of reference, really) that are essentially invisible from Perl. For example, if you try dumping an object that has a footnote attached to it, you wont actually see the footnote:

my $obj = bless [qw( foo bar )], Foo;
$obj->Scalar::Footnote::set( Foo => foo note );
print Dumper( $obj );
prints:
$VAR1 = bless [
foo,
bar
], Foo;

You can of course still access the footnote with Scalar::Footnote::get.

Variable::Strongly::Typed::Scalar is Perl module for strongly typed scalar.

SYNOPSIS

This class is utilized by Variable::Strongly::Typed - you dont access this directly
=head1 DESCRIPTION

Test::Data is a Perl module to test functions for particular variable types.

SYNOPSIS

use Test::Data qw(Scalar Array Hash Function);

Test::Data provides utility functions to check properties and values of data and variables.

Functions

Plug-in modules define functions for each data type. See the appropriate module.

How it works

The Test::Data module simply emports functions from Test::Data::* modules. Each module defines a self-contained function, and puts that function name into @EXPORT. Test::Data defines its own import function, but that does not matter to the plug-in modules.

If you want to write a plug-in module, follow the example of one that already exists. Name the module Test::Data::Foo, where you replace Foo with the right name. Test::Data should automatically find it.

Contextual::Return is a Perl module to create context-senstive return values.

SYNOPSIS

use Contextual::Return;
use Carp;

sub foo {
return
SCALAR { thirty-twelve }
BOOL { 1 }
NUM { 7*6 }
STR { forty-two }

LIST { 1,2,3 }

HASHREF { {name => foo, value => 99} }
ARRAYREF { [3,2,1] }

GLOBREF { *STDOUT }
CODEREF { croak "Dont use this result as code!"; }
;
}

# and later...

if (my $foo = foo()) {
for my $count (1..$foo) {
print "$count: $foo is:n"
. " array: @{$foo}n"
. " hash: $foo->{name} => $foo->{value}n"
;
}
print {$foo} $foo->();
}

Usually, when you need to create a subroutine that returns different values in different contexts (list, scalar, or void), you write something like:

sub get_server_status {
my ($server_ID) = @_;

# Acquire server data somehow...
my %server_data = _ascertain_server_status($server_ID);

# Return different components of that data,
# depending on call context...
if (wantarray()) {
return @server_data{ qw(name uptime load users) };
}
if (defined wantarray()) {
return $server_data{load};
}
if (!defined wantarray()) {
carp Useless use of get_server_status() in void context;
return;
}
else {
croak q{Bad context! No biscuit!};
}
}

That works okay, but the code could certainly be more readable. In its simplest usage, this module makes that code more readable by providing three subroutines--LIST(), SCALAR(), VOID()--that are true only when the current subroutine is called in the corresponding context:

use Contextual::Return;

sub get_server_status {
my ($server_ID) = @_;

# Acquire server data somehow...
my %server_data = _ascertain_server_status($server_ID);

# Return different components of that data
# depending on call context...
if (LIST) { return @server_data{ qw(name uptime load users) } }
if (SCALAR) { return $server_data{load} }
if (VOID) { print "$server_data{load}n" }
else { croak q{Bad context! No biscuit!} }
}

Contextual returns

Those three subroutines can also be used in another way: as labels on a series of contextual return blocks (collectively known as a context sequence). When a context sequence is returned, it automatically selects the appropriate contextual return block for the calling context. So the previous example could be written even more cleanly as:

use Contextual::Return;

sub get_server_status {
my ($server_ID) = @_;

# Acquire server data somehow...
my %server_data = _ascertain_server_status($server_ID);

# Return different components of that data
# depending on call context...
return (
LIST { return @server_data{ qw(name uptime load users) } }
SCALAR { return $server_data{load} }
VOID { print "$server_data{load}n" }
DEFAULT { croak q{Bad context! No biscuit!} }
);
}

The context sequence automatically selects the appropriate block for each call context.