Free class members software for linux

Class::Generate is a Perl module that can generate Perl class hierarchies.

SYNOPSIS

use Class::Generate qw(class subclass delete_class);

# Declare class Class_Name, with the following types of members:
class
Class_Name => [
s => $, # scalar
a => @, # array
h => %, # hash
c => Class, # Class
c_a => @Class, # array of Class
c_h => %Class, # hash of Class
&m => body, # method
];

# Allocate an instance of class_name, with members initialized to the
# given values (pass arrays and hashes using references).
$obj = Class_Name->new ( s => scalar,
a => [ values ],
h => { key1 => v1, ... },
c => Class->new,
c_a => [ Class->new, ... ],
c_h => [ key1 => Class->new, ... ] );

# Scalar type accessor:
$obj->s($value); # Assign $value to member s.
$member_value = $obj->s; # Access members value.

# (Class) Array type accessor:
$obj->a([value1, value2, ...]); # Assign whole array to member.
$obj->a(2, $value); # Assign $value to array member 2.
$obj->add_a($value); # Append $value to end of array.
@a = $obj->a; # Access whole array.
$ary_member_value = $obj->a(2); # Access array member 2.
$s = $obj->a_size; # Return size of array.
$value = $obj->last_a; # Return last element of array.

# (Class) Hash type accessor:
$obj->h({ k_1=>v1, ..., k_n=>v_n }) # Assign whole hash to member.
$obj->h($key, $value); # Assign $value to hash member $key.
%hash = $obj->h; # Access whole hash.
$hash_member_value = $obj->h($key); # Access hash member value $key.
$obj->delete_h($key); # Delete slot occupied by $key.
@keys = $obj->h_keys; # Access keys of member h.
@values = $obj->h_values; # Access values of member h.

$another = $obj->copy; # Copy an object.
if ( $obj->equals($another) ) { ... } # Test equality.

subclass s => [ ], -parent => class_name;

The Class::Generate package exports functions that take as arguments a class specification and create from these specifications a Perl 5 class. The specification language allows many object-oriented constructs: typed members, inheritance, private members, required members, default values, object methods, class methods, class variables, and more.

CPAN contains similar packages. Why another? Because object-oriented programming, especially in a dynamic language like Perl, is a complicated endeavor. I wanted a package that would work very hard to catch the errors you (well, I anyway) commonly make. I wanted a package that could help me enforce the contract of object-oriented programming. I also wanted it to get out of my way when I asked.

Class::Maker Perl module contains classes, reflection, schema, serialization, attribute- and multiple inheritance.

SYNOPSIS

use Class::Maker qw(class);
class Human, { isa => [qw( ParentClass )],
public =>
{
string => [qw(name lastname)],

ref => [qw(father mother)],

array => [qw(friends)],

custom => [qw(anything)],
},

private =>
{
int => [qw(dummy1 dummy2)],
},

configure =>
{
ctor => create,

explicit => 0,
},
};
sub Human::greeting : method { my $this = shift;
printf This is %s (%d), $this->name, $this->uid;
}
class UnixUser, { isa => [qw( Human )],
public =>
{
int => [qw(uid gid)],

string => [qw(username)],
},
};

my $a = Human->new( uid => 1, gid => 2, name => Bart );

$a->father( Human->new( name => Houmer ) );

$a->greeting();

$a->uid = 12;

$a->_dummy1( bla );

Class::Maker introduces the concept of classes via a "class" function. It automatically creates packages, ISA, new and attribute-handlers. The classes can inherit from common perl-classes and class-maker classes. Single and multiple inheritance is supported.

This package is for everybody who wants to program oo-perl and does not really feel comfortable with the common way.

Java-like reflection is also implemented and allows one to inspect the class properties and methods during runtime. This is helpfull for implementing persistance and serialization. A Tangram (see cpan) schema generator is included to the package, so one can use Tangram object-persistance on the fly as long as he uses Class::Maker classes.

Class::Inner is a perlish implementation of Java like inner classes.

SYNOPSIS

use Class::Inner;

my $object = Class::Inner->new(
parent => ParentClass,
methods => { method => sub { ... } }, },
constructor => new,
args => [@constructor_args],
);

Yet another implementation of an anonymous class with per object overrideable methods, but with the added attraction of sort of working dispatch to the parent classs method.

METHODS

new HASH

Takes a hash like argument list with the following keys.

parent

The name of the parent class. Note that you can only get single inheritance with this or SUPER wont work.

methods

A hash, keys are method names, values are CODEREFs.

constructor

The name of the constructor method. Defaults to new.

args

An anonymous array of arguments to pass to the constructor. Defaults to an empty list.

Returns an object in an anonymous class which inherits from the parent class. This anonymous class has a couple of extra methods:

SUPER

If you were to pass something like

$obj = Class::Inner->new(
parent => Parent,
methods => { method => sub { ...; $self->SUPER::method(@_) } },
);

then $self-gtSUPER::method almost certainly wouldnt do what you expect, so we provide the SUPER method which dispatches to the parent implementation of the current method. There seems to be no good way of getting the full SUPER:: functionality, but Im working on it.

DESTROY

Because Class::Inner works by creating a whole new class name for your object, it could potentially leak memory if you create a lot of them. So we add a DESTROY method that removes the class from the symbol table once its finished with.

If you need to override a parents DESTROY method, adding a call to Class::Inner::clean_symbol_table(ref $self) to it. Do it at the end of the method or your other method calls wont work.

clean_symbol_table

The helper subroutine that DESTROY uses to remove the class from the symbol table.

new_classname

Returns a name for the next anonymous class.

Class::Cloneable is a base class for Cloneable objects.

SYNOPSIS

package MyObject;
our @ISA = (Class::Cloneable);

# calling clone on an instance of MyObject
# will give you full deep-cloning functionality

This module provides a flexible base class for building objects with cloning capabilities. This module does its best to respect the encapsulation of all other objects, including subclasses of itself. This is intended to be a stricter and more OO-ish option than the more general purpose Clone and Clone::PP modules.

Class::Meta::Type is a Perl module for data type validation and accessor building.

SYNOPSIS

package MyApp::TypeDef;

use strict;
use Class::Meta::Type;
use IO::Socket;

my $type = Class::Meta::Type->add( key => io_socket,
desc => IO::Socket object,
name => IO::Socket Object );

This class stores the various data types used by Class::Meta. It manages all aspects of data type validation and method creation. New data types can be added to Class::Meta::Type by means of the add() constructor. This is useful for creating custom types for your Class::Meta-built classes.

Note:This class manages the most advanced features of Class::Meta. Before deciding to create your own accessor closures as described in add(), you should have a thorough working knowledge of how Class::Meta works, and have studied the add() method carefully. Simple data type definitions such as that shown in the SYNOPSIS, on the other hand, are encouraged.

Class::Adapter is a Perl implementation of the "Adapter" Design Pattern.

The Class::Adapter class is intended as an abstract base class for creating any sort of class or object that follows the Adapter pattern.

What is an Adapter?

The term Adapter refers to a "Design Pattern" of the same name, from the famous "Gang of Four" book "Design Patterns". Although their original implementation was designed for Java and similar single-inheritance strictly-typed langauge, the situation for which it applies is still valid.

An Adapter in this Perl sense of the term is when a class is created to achieve by composition (objects containing other object) something that cant be achieved by inheritance (sub-classing).

This is similar to the Decorator pattern, but is intended to be applied on a class-by-class basis, as opposed to being able to be applied one object at a time, as is the case with the Decorator pattern.

The Class::Adapter object holds a parent object that it "wraps", and when a method is called on the Class::Adapter, it manually calls the same (or different) method with the same (or different) parameters on the parent object contained within it.

Instead of these custom methods being hooked in on an object-by-object basis, they are defined at the class level.

Basically, a Class::Adapter is one of your fall-back positions when Perls inheritance model fails you, or is no longer good enough, and you need to do something twisty in order to make several APIs play nicely with each other.

What can I do with the actual Class::Adapter class

Well... nothing really. It exist to provide some extremely low level fundamental methods, and to provide a common base for inheritance of Adapter classes.
The base Class::Adapter class doesnt even implement a way to push method calls through to the underlying object, since the way in which that happens is the bit that changes from case to case.

To actually DO something, you probably want to go take a look at Class::Adapter::Builder, which makes the creation of Adapter classes relatively quick and easy.

Class::DBI::Query is a Perl module with deprecated SQL manager for Class::DBI.

SYNOPSIS

my $sth = Class::DBI::Query
->new({
owner => $class,
sqlname => $type,
essential => @columns,
where_columns => @where_cols,
})
->run($val);

This abstracts away many of the details of the Class::DBI underlying SQL mechanism. For the most part you probably dont want to be interfacing directly with this.

The underlying mechanisms are not yet stable, and are subject to change at any time.

Class::CGI is a Perl module to fetch objects from your CGI object.

SYNOPSIS

use Class::CGI
handlers => {
customer_id => My::Customer::Handler
};

my $cgi = Class::CGI->new;
my $customer = $cgi->param(customer_id);
my $name = $customer->name;
my $email = $cgi->param(email); # behaves like normal

if ( my %errors = $cgi->errors ) {
# do error handling
}

For small CGI scripts, its common to get a parameter, untaint it, pass it to an object constructor and get the object back. This module would allow one to to build Class::CGI handler classes which take the parameter value, automatically perform those steps and just return the object. Much grunt work goes away and you can get back to merely pretending to work.