Free c classes software for linux

Perl6::Classes project contains first class classes in Perl 5.

SYNOPSIS

use Perl6::Classes;

class Composer {
submethod BUILD { print "Giving birth to a new composern" }
method compose { print "Writing some music...n" }
}

class ClassicalComposer is Composer {
method compose { print "Writing some muzak...n" }
}

class ModernComposer is Composer {
submethod BUILD($) { $.length = shift }
method compose() { print((map { int rand 10 } 1..$.length), "n") }
has $.length;
}

my $beethoven = new ClassicalComposer;
my $barber = new ModernComposer 4;
my $mahler = ModernComposer->new(400);

$beethoven->compose; # Writing some muzak...
$barber->compose # 7214
compose $mahler; # 89275869347968374698756....

Perl6::Classes allows the creation of (somewhat) Perl 6-style classes in Perl 5. The following features are currently supported:

subs, methods, and submethods
And their respective scoping rules.

Attributes
Which are available through the has keyword, and look like $.this.

Inheritance
Both single and multiple inheritance are available through the is keyword.

Signatures
Signatures on methods, subs, and submethods are supported, but just the Perl 5 kind.

Data hiding
Using the public, protected, and private traits, you can enforce (run-time) data hiding. This is not supported on attributes, which are always private.

Anonymous classes
That respect closures. You can now nest them inside methods of other classes, even other anonymous ones!

The Perl6::Classes module augments Perls syntax with a new declarator: class. It offers the advantage over Perls standard OO mechanism that it is conceptually easier to see (especially for those from a C++/Java background). It offers the disadvantage, of course, of being less versatile.

C++ base is a base class suite contains several powerful c++ base classes for basic encapsulation of low level operating system calls and basic library functions.

Further packages you may access from this page require the installation of this base package

Class::Meta is a Perl class automation, introspection, and data validation.

SYNOPSIS

Generate a class:
package MyApp::Thingy;
use strict;
use Class::Meta;
use Class::Meta::Types::String;
use Class::Meta::Types::Numeric;

BEGIN {

# Create a Class::Meta object for this class.
my $cm = Class::Meta->new( key => thingy );

# Add a constructor.
$cm->add_constructor(
name => new,
create => 1,
);

# Add a couple of attributes with generated methods.
$cm->add_attribute(
name => uuid,
authz => Class::Meta::READ,
type => string,
required => 1,
default => sub { Data::UUID->new->create_str },
);
$cm->add_attribute(
name => name,
is => string,
required => 1,
default => undef,
);
$cm->add_attribute(
name => age,
is => integer,
default => undef,
);

# Add a custom method.
$cm->add_method(
name => chk_pass,
view => Class::Meta::PUBLIC,
);
$cm->build;
}
Then use the class:
use MyApp::Thingy;

my $thingy = MyApp::Thingy->new;
print "ID: ", $thingy->id, $/;
$thingy->name(Larry);
print "Name: ", $thingy->name, $/;
$thingy->age(42);
print "Age: ", $thingy->age, $/;
Or make use of the introspection API:
use MyApp::Thingy;

my $class = MyApp::Thingy->my_class;
my $thingy;

print "Examining object of class ", $class->package, $/;

print "nConstructors:n";
for my $ctor ($class->constructors) {
print " o ", $ctor->name, $/;
$thingy = $ctor->call($class->package);
}

print "nAttributes:n";
for my $attr ($class->attributes) {
print " o ", $attr->name, " => ", $attr->get($thingy), $/;
if ($attr->authz >= Class::Meta::SET && $attr->type eq string) {
$attr->get($thingy, hey there!);
print " Changed to: ", $attr->get($thingy), $/;
}
}

print "nMethods:n";
for my $meth ($class->methods) {
print " o ", $meth->name, $/;
$meth->call($thingy);
}

Class::Meta provides an interface for automating the creation of Perl classes with attribute data type validation. It differs from other such modules in that it includes an introspection API that can be used as a unified interface for all Class::Meta-generated classes. In this sense, it is an implementation of the "Facade" design pattern.

Class::Classless is a Perl framework for classless OOP.

SYNOPSIS

use strict;
use Class::Classless;
my $ob1 = $Class::Classless::ROOT->clone;
$ob1->{NAME} = Ob1;
$ob1->{stuff} = 123;
$ob1->{Thing} = 789;

my $ob2 = $ob1->clone;
$ob2->{NAME} = Ob2;

printf "ob1 stuff: n", $ob1->{stuff};
printf "ob2 stuff: n", $ob2->{stuff};
printf "ob1 Thing: n", $ob1->{Thing};
printf "ob2 Thing: n", $ob2->{Thing};

$ob1->{METHODS}{zaz} = sub {
print "Zaz! on ", $_[0]{NAME}, "n";
};

$ob1->zaz;
$ob2->zaz;
$ob1->EXAMINE;
$ob2->EXAMINE;
This prints the following:
ob1 stuff: < 123 >
ob2 stuff: < 123 >
ob1 Thing: < 789 >
ob2 Thing: < >
Zaz! on Ob1
Zaz! on Ob2
< Class::Classless::X=HASH(0x200236f4) >
stuff, 123,
NAME, Ob1,
Thing, 789,
METHODS, { zaz, CODE(0x20068360) },
PARENTS, [ ROOT ],
< Class::Classless::X=HASH(0x2002cb48) >
stuff, 123,
NAME, Ob2,
METHODS, { },
PARENTS, [ Ob1 ],

In class-based OOP frameworks, methods are applicable to objects by virtue of objects belonging to classes that either provide those methods, or inherit them from classes that do.

In classless OOP frameworks (AKA delegation-and-prototypes frameworks), what methods an object is capable of is basically an attribute of that object. That is, in Perl terms: instead of methods being entries in the symbol table of the package/class the object belongs to, they are entries in a hash table inside the object. Inheritance is implemented not by having classes inheriting from other classes (via ISA lists), but by having objects inherit from other objects (via PARENTS lists).

In class-based OOP frameworks, you get new objects by calling constructors. In a classless framework, you get new objects by copying ("cloning") an existing object -- and the new clone becomes a child (inheritor) of the original object. (Where do you get the one original object? The language provides one, which has no parents, and which contains some general purpose methods like "clone".)

Class::Interfaces is a Per module for defining interface classes inline.

SYNOPSIS

# define some simple interfaces
use Class::Interfaces (
Serializable => [ pack, unpack ],
Printable => [ toString ],
Iterable => [ iterator ],
Iterator => [ hasNext, next ]
);

# or some more complex ones ...

# interface can also inherit from
# other interfaces using this form
use Class::Interfaces (
BiDirectionalIterator => {
isa => Iterator,
methods => [ hasPrev, prev ]
},
ResetableIterator => {
isa => Iterator,
methods => [ reset ]
},
# we even support multiple inheritance
ResetableBiDirectionalIterator => {
isa => [ ResetableIterator, BiDirectionalIterator ]
}
);

# it is also possible to create an
# empty interface, sometimes called
# a marker interface
use Class::Interfaces (
JustAMarker => undef
);

This module provides a simple means to define abstract class interfaces, which can be used to program using the concepts of interface polymorphism.

Class::CGI is a Perl module to fetch objects from your CGI object.

SYNOPSIS

use Class::CGI
handlers => {
customer_id => My::Customer::Handler
};

my $cgi = Class::CGI->new;
my $customer = $cgi->param(customer_id);
my $name = $customer->name;
my $email = $cgi->param(email); # behaves like normal

if ( my %errors = $cgi->errors ) {
# do error handling
}

For small CGI scripts, its common to get a parameter, untaint it, pass it to an object constructor and get the object back. This module would allow one to to build Class::CGI handler classes which take the parameter value, automatically perform those steps and just return the object. Much grunt work goes away and you can get back to merely pretending to work.

Class::Meta::Express is a Perl module for concise, expressive creation of Class::Meta classes.

Synopsis

package My::Contact;
use Class::Meta::Express;

class {
meta contact => ( default_type => string );
has name;
has contact => ( required => 1 );
}

This module provides an interface to concisely yet expressively create classes with Class::Meta. Although I am of course fond of Class::Meta, Ive never been overly thrilled with its interface for creating classes:

package My::Thingy;
use Class::Meta;

BEGIN {
# Create a Class::Meta object for this class.
my $cm = Class::Meta->new( key => thingy );

# Add a constructor.
$cm->add_constructor( name => new );

# Add a couple of attributes with generated accessors.
$cm->add_attribute(
name => id,
is => integer,
required => 1,
);

$cm->add_attribute(
name => name,
is => string,
required => 1,
);

$cm->add_attribute(
name => age,
is => integer,
);

# Add a custom method.
$cm->add_method(
name => chk_pass,
code => sub { return code },
);
$cm->build;
}

This example is relatively simple; it can get a lot more verbose. But even still, all of the method calls were annoying. I mean, whoever thought of using an object oriented interface for declaring a class? (Oh yeah: I did.) I wasnt alone in wanting a more declarative interface; Curtis Poe, with my blessing, created Class::Meta::Declare, which would use this syntax to create the same class:

package My::Thingy;
use Class::Meta::Declare :all;

Class::Meta::Declare->new(
# Create a Class::Meta object for this class.
meta => [
key => thingy,
],
# Add a constructor.
constructors => [
new => { }
],
# Add a couple of attributes with generated accessors.
attributes => [
id => {
type => $TYPE_INTEGER,
required => 1,
},
name => {
required => 1,
type => $TYPE_STRING,
},
age => { type => $TYPE_INTEGER, },
],
# Add a custom method.
methods => [
chk_pass => {
code => sub { return code },
}
]
);

This approach has the advantage of being a bit more concise, and it is declarative, but I find all of the indentation levels annoying; its hard for me to figure out where I am, especially if I have to define a lot of attributes. And finally, everything is a string with this syntax, except for those ugly read-only scalars such as $TYPE_INTEGER. So I cant easily tell where one attribute ends and the next one starts. Bleh.